César Domela (15 January 1900 – 30 December 1992) was a highly innovative Dutch sculptor, painter, photographer, and typographer. Best known as the youngest member of the influential avant-garde movement De Stijl, Domela evolved the rigid principles of pure abstraction into a unique style frequently referred to as "enriched Constructivism."

Born César Domela Nieuwenhuis in Amsterdam, he was a completely self-taught artist. After his father's death in 1919, he committed to art full-time, initially painting cubist-influenced landscapes.

In 1924, he moved to Paris and joined Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg's De Stijl group. He soon pushed back against their rigid horizontal-vertical constraints by introducing the diagonal line into his compositions.

Domela eventually abandoned flat canvas painting to focus on multi-layered, three-dimensional reliefs. He masterfully integrated contrasting materials chosen for their texture, opacity, and sheen—including Plexiglas, copper, brass, sharkskin, and rare woods. 

 While living in Berlin from 1927 to 1933, he became deeply active in avant-garde commercial art. He experimented extensively with photomontage and typography for book covers and advertisements.

With the rise of Nazi Germany in 1933, Domela fled Berlin and settled permanently in Paris, continuing to expand his abstract sculptures and reliefs until his death in 1992. Today, his multi-material works are celebrated as benchmarks of 20th-century geometric abstraction and can be found in major institutions like the Kunstmuseum Den Haag.